![]() Let a scribe write it down in justice between you. O you who believe! When you contract a debt for a fixed period, write it down. In the second chapter of the Quran, Al-Baqarah, verse 2:282 provides a basis for the rule that two women are the equivalent of one man in providing a witness testimony in financial situations. A testimony must involve certain knowledge of an affirmed event, and cannot be based on conjecture. It exists alongside other forms of evidence ( bayyina), such as the oath ( yamin), acknowledgement ( iqrar), and circumstantial evidence ( qara'in al-ahwal). ![]() ![]() In Islamic law, testimony ( shahada) is defined as attestation with regard to a right of a second party against a third. Muslim societies' attitudes range from completely rejecting female testimony in certain legal areas, to conditionally accepting (half-worth that of a male, or with a requirement for supporting male testimony), to completely accepting it without any gender bias. The status of women's testimony in Islam is disputed.
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